Change search
Refine search result
1234567 1 - 50 of 534
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1. Alberoni, P P
    et al.
    Andersson, T
    SMHI.
    Mezzasalma, P
    Michelson, Daniel
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Nanni, S
    Use of the vertical reflectivity profile for identification of anomalous propagation2001In: Meteorological Applications, ISSN 1350-4827, E-ISSN 1469-8080, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 257-266Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anomalous propagation (anaprop), analogous to the upper mirage in the visual wavelengths, is still a major problem in radar meteorology. This phenomenon assumes particular importance in automatic recognition and estimation of rainfall. Anaprop echoes from terrain features such as hills and coasts Often give echoes up to 50-60 dBZ equivalent to heavy rain or hail in severe thunderstorms. Anaprop echoes from sea waves may be comparable in strength to those from moderate precipitation and also form similar patterns. Based on the evidence that the vertical reflectivity profile of precipitation is quite different from the anaprop profile, two methods for anaprop identification are presented. The method proposed by the Servizio Meteorologico Regionale (SMR, Italy) simply uses the operational scan procedure to discriminate between precipitation and anaprop. At the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute an 'ad hoc' scan strategy has been developed in order to obtain much more detail of the lowest reflectivity profile. A number of statistical parameters have been used to achieve a better discrimination between precipitation, land and sea clutter. A number of case studies, representing different echo intensities and patterns, and including a case of anaprop with embedded precipitation, are presented to assess the impact of these methods.

  • 2.
    Alexandersson, Hans
    et al.
    SMHI.
    Dahlström, Bengt
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Future climate in the Nordic region – survey and synthesis for the next century1992Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, chlorfluorcarbons and nitrous  oxide are increasing due to man's activities. 0n physical grounds it is generally believed that this will influence the climate of the earth. Observational evidence, mainly global mean temperatures, indicate that the earth becomes warmer at present. It is, however, not possible to rule out that natura! factors have caused observed changes until now. Swedish data show small or no trends at present.

    The suggested scenarios for Sweden are given in interval form to express the large uncertainty. For temperature and precipitation in the years around 2030 we suggest the following changes compared with the levels around 1990.

                     Winter   Summer Winter     Summer.            

                     temp.    temp.     Prec.       Prec.

    Northern

    Sweden:    0.5-1.5  00-1.5     0-15 %   0-10 %

    Southern

    Sweden:    0.0-1.0  0.0-0.5    0-15 %   0-10 %

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 3.
    Algotsson, Josefina
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Edman, Moa
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Förslag till statusklassning av parameter 9.5 Sötvatteninflöde och vattenutbyte i kustvatten och vatten i övergångszon: En jämförelse mellan Kustzonsmodellens naturliga och normala uppsättning2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Around half of Sweden's electricity generation consists of hydropower, which is produced in about 2000 power plants. The largest drainage of water from land takes place during the spring and the water is stored in reservoirs for electricity production during the winter. This change in the natural runoff has major effects on the aquatic ecosystems and is considered to be one of the biggest environmental challenges for Swedish waterways and lakes.There is currently no guidance for status classification of hydromorphological parameters in coastal waters according to the Water Framework Directive. SMHI was commissioned by the water authorities to produce a proposal for class boundaries and classification for parameter 9.5 Freshwater inflow and water exchange in coastal water and water in transition zone in accordance with the regulations stated by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management in the document HVMFS 2013:19. The hydrological model S-HYPE and the oceanographic Coastal Zone Model were used to study the changes in fresh water supply as well as fresh water content, salinity and water age of the surface water caused by regulation of water flow on land.In general, the regulation of water flow on land has led to an increase in the fresh water content by 2% along the Norrlands coast and a corresponding decrease in the fresh water content on the west coast. Typically, the regulation of water on land leads to a lower freshwater supply to the coast during spring and summer and a higher freshwater supply to the coast in the autumn and winter compared to a scenario with a natural land runoff.The natural background variation, as defined by ± 2 MAD (Median Absolute Deviation), and the Maximum Absolute Deviation, MAA, were used to construct 5 status classes.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Algotsson, Josefina
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Van Der Stelt, Frank
    SMHI, Professional Services.
    Abdoush, Diala
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Swedish coastal water bodies on Wikidata Combining WFD data with Wikidata2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In accordance with the Water Framework Directive, the water district authorities report environmental information on Sweden’s surface water bodies to the EU.Under the government commission Smartare miljöinformation to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Naturvårdsverket, the initiative was taken to adopt the reported environmental information on Sweden’s coastal water bodies to Wikidata and Wikipedia. SMHI has led the initiative with support from Wikimedia Sweden, the South Baltic Sea Water District Authority, the county administrative board of Jönköping and Wikimedia volunteers.The aim of this project has been to make the environmental information about Sweden’s coastal water bodies more accessible to the public, to disseminate knowledge about status classification and create conditions for increasing environmental awareness among the public. The project has resulted in:• 653 new coastal water bodies are described on Wikidata.• Wikipedia articles on water management in Sweden, coastal water bodies and the SVAR database have been created.• A template for infoboxes on Wikipedia has been developed and can automatically retrieve and display the status classification of coastal water bodies.• The template for infoboxes on coastal water bodies is used in articles on coastal waters on Wikipedia.• The license for the SVAR database is set to CC0, which facilitates the use of the information and opens the possibility of using it in more ways than before.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 5.
    Almroth-Rosell, Elin
    et al.
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Wåhlstrom, Irene
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Hansson, Martin
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Vali, Germo
    Eilola, Kari
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Andersson, Pia
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Viktorsson, Lena
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hieronymus, Magnus
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Arneborg, Lars
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    A Regime Shift Toward a More Anoxic Environment in a Eutrophic Sea in Northern Europe2021In: Frontiers in Marine Science, E-ISSN 2296-7745, Vol. 8, article id 799936Article in journal (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    A Regime Shift Toward a More Anoxic Environment in a Eutrophic Sea in Northern Europe
  • 6.
    Ambjörn, Cecilia
    et al.
    SMHI, Professional Services.
    Grafström, Torbjörn
    SMHI.
    Andersson, Jan
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Spridningsberäkningar - Klints Bank1990Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Gotlandsolja AB har uppdragit åt IVL att genomföra en miljökonsekvensutredning med anledning av planerad provborrning efter olja på Klints Bank öster om Gotland. SMHI har fått i uppdrag att genomföra punkt 2 i denna utredning, som berör spridning av ett tänkt oljeutsläpp.

    Ett numeriskt modellarbete ligger till grund för spridningsberäkningarna. Vinduppgifter är framtagna ur klimatstatistik och utgör historiska observationer från olika säsonger.

    Under vinter- och vårsäsongen berörs i majoriteten av fallen Gotlands ost- och sydkust efter 30 dygn eller mindre. I ogynnsamma fall, kraftiga NE-E vindar, når oljan Gotlands kust inom 2 dygn. I enstaka fall berörs också Stockholms skärgård och Öland.

    Sommar och höst, med majoriteten av vindar från sektorn S-NY, påverkas i hög grad Baltiska kusten inom 30 dygn. I ogynnsamma fall kan det ske inom   5 - 6 dygn.

    Under nov-jan är ca var 3:e observerad vindhastighet större än 10 m/s - i 5 % av fallen är vindhastigheten större än 15 m/s.

    Högsta uppmätta våghöjden under en 6-månadersperiod är 5.9 m - den kan sannolikt bli upp mot det dubbla.

    Strömmarna är i medeltal svaga, ofta sydgående - i extrema fall kan dock strömhastigheten uppgå till mellan 50 - 100 cm/s.

    Is förekommer i området endast under mycket svåra isvintrar, vilket inträffar mellan vart 7:e och 10:e år.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 7. Amundin, Mats
    et al.
    Carlstrom, Julia
    Thomas, Len
    Carlen, Ida
    Teilmann, Jonas
    Tougaard, Jakob
    Loisa, Olli
    Kyhn, Line A.
    Sveegaard, Signe
    Burt, M. Louise
    Pawliczka, Iwona
    Koza, Radomil
    Arciszewski, Bartlomiej
    Galatius, Anders
    Laaksonlaita, Jussi
    MacAuley, Jamie
    Wright, Andrew J.
    Gallus, Anja
    Dahne, Michael
    Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro
    Benke, Harald
    Koblitz, Jens
    Tregenza, Nick
    Wennerberg, Daniel
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Brundiers, Katharina
    Kosecka, Monika
    Tiberi Ljungqvist, Cinthia
    Jussi, Ivar
    Jabbusch, Martin
    Lyytinen, Sami
    Saskov, Aleksej
    Blankett, Penina
    Estimating the abundance of the critically endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) population using passive acoustic monitoring2022In: Ecology and Evolution, E-ISSN 2045-7758, Vol. 12, no 2, article id e8554Article in journal (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Estimating the abundance of the critically endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) population using passive acoustic monitoring
  • 8. Andersson, Agneta
    et al.
    Meier, Markus
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Ripszam, Matyas
    Rowe, Owen
    Wikner, Johan
    Haglund, Peter
    Eilola, Kari
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Legrand, Catherine
    Figueroa, Daniela
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Paczkowska, Joanna
    Lindehoff, Elin
    Tysklind, Mats
    Elmgren, Ragnar
    Projected future climate change and Baltic Sea ecosystem management2015In: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 44, p. S345-S356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change is likely to have large effects on the Baltic Sea ecosystem. Simulations indicate 2-4 degrees C warming and 50-80 % decrease in ice cover by 2100. Precipitation may increase similar to 30 % in the north, causing increased land runoff of allochthonous organic matter (AOM) and organic pollutants and decreased salinity. Coupled physical-biogeochemical models indicate that, in the south, bottom-water anoxia may spread, reducing cod recruitment and increasing sediment phosphorus release, thus promoting cyanobacterial blooms. In the north, heterotrophic bacteria will be favored by AOM, while phytoplankton production may be reduced. Extra trophic levels in the food web may increase energy losses and consequently reduce fish production. Future management of the Baltic Sea must consider the effects of climate change on the ecosystem dynamics and functions, as well as the effects of anthropogenic nutrient and pollutant load. Monitoring should have a holistic approach, encompassing both autotrophic (phytoplankton) and heterotrophic (e.g., bacterial) processes.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 9.
    Andersson, Helén
    et al.
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Eriksson Bram, Lena
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hjerdt, Niclas
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Lindström, Göran
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Löptien, Ulrike
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Strömqvist, Johan
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Översikt av beräkningsmodeller för bedömning av fiskodlingars näringsämnesbelastning på sjöar, vattendrag, magasin och kustvatten2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här rapporten är en kunskapssammanställning som utförts av SMHI på uppdrag av Havs- och Vattenmyndigheten. Den utgör inte något ställningstagande från Havs- och vattenmyndighetens sida. Rapporten försöker att sammanfatta den problematik som associeras med näringsämnesbelastningar från fiskodlingar i öppna kassar, vilka typer av beräkningar som kan behöva göras för att få en uppfattning om hur dessa kan påverka miljön samt några olika typer av modeller för detta ändamål.

    Fisk-, alg- och skaldjursodling är en växande industri runt om i världen som kan ge såväl näringsrik och hälsosam mat som arbetstillfällen. En nackdel med framförallt fiskodling i öppna kassar är att den kan innebära en påfrestning för vattenmiljön. De näringsämnen som ofta släpps ut från odlingen kan bidra till den övergödningsproblematik som redan finns i många sjöar och havsområden. Det är därför av största vikt att få en god uppskattning av den förväntade storleken på utsläppen förknippade med en öppen odling samt hur de kan tänkas förändra vattenkvaliteten på odlingsplatsen och dess närhet. Beräkningsmodeller kan vara till god hjälp vid bedömningen.

    Fiskar utsöndrar lösta näringsämnen och från odlingskassarna faller det också ut partikulärt organiskt material i form av fekalier och oätet foder. Storleken på näringsämneskällorna behöver beräknas och det finns modeller av olika komplexitet för att uppskatta detta. Storleken på det partikulära avfallet är viktigt dels för att det bidrarmed näringsämnen till vattnet och dels för att det kan ge upphov till ansamlingar av organiskt material på bottnen. När det organiska materialet bryts ner förbrukas syre och om ansamlingarna blir omfattande finns en risk för att det uppstår syrebrist vid bottnen. Om svavelväte bildas kan det orsaka skador på såväl den odlade fisken som det lokala ekosystemet. Odlingen kan också bidra till en försämrad vattenkvalitet i sin omgivning genom att tillgången av lösta näringsämnen blir större och därmed ge en ökad algproduktion. Den ökade algproduktionen skall i sin tur brytas ner och kan i förlängningen bidra till syrebristproblematiken.

    Det finns ett antal modeller som är specifikt utvecklade för fiskodlingar i öppna kassar och de tar i olika hög grad upp den beskrivna problematiken. Rapporten innehåller detaljerade genomgångar av några av modeller för att visa på styrkor och svagheter kring olika angreppsätt. Den innehåller också sammanfattningar av några vanligt förekommande modeller som använts internationellt vid bedömning av fiskodlingars miljöpåverkan. För att minska den negativa påverkan på vattenmiljön från har det också utvecklats recirkulerande system för odling. Rapporten tar inte upp belastning från den typen av fiskodlingar. Om utsläppen från ett sådant system är känt kan dock vattenkvalitetsmodeller användas för att se effekten av utsläpp från en punktkälla.

    Rapporten sammanfattar ett antal vattenkvalitetsmodeller för sjöar, vattendrag, kust och hav. En vattenkvalitetsmodell behöver inte nödvändigtvis vara utvecklad för att beskriva konsekvenser av fiskodlingar men bör kunna hantera frågeställningar som uppkommer vid bedömningar av övergödningsrisk vid utsläpp från en punktkälla. Den behöver därför kunna simulera parametrar såsom förändringen av näringsämneskoncentrationer, primärproduktion, siktdjup och syrgashalter på olika nivåer i vattenmassan. Modeller för den här typen av uppskattningar finns också i olika komplexitetsgrad och för olika skalor i tid och rum.

    Vid modellering är en god tillgång till observationer en förutsättning för pålitliga modellresultat och behövs såväl för att driva och kalibrera modellen som för validering av modellresultaten. Det är viktigt att tillgängliga data håller god kvalitet. En noggrann analys och beskrivning av den tillgängliga databasen hjälper därmed till att bedöma tillförlitligheten av modellsimuleringarna.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Andersson, Jafet
    et al.
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Arheimer, Berit
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Hjerdt, Niclas
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Combine and Share Essential Knowledge for Sustainable2016In: The Solutions Journal, ISSN 2154-0926, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 30-32Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 11.
    Andersson, Jafet
    et al.
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Arheimer, Berit
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Hjerdt, Niclas
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Combine and Share Essential Knowledge for Sustainable Water Management2016In: Solutions Journal, ISSN 2154-0896, E-ISSN 2154-0926, Vol. 7, no 3Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 12.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Becker, Björn
    SMHI.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI.
    Brofjordens kraftstation: Kylvattenspridning i Hanneviken1990Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vattenfall planerar att lokalisera en restoljeförgasningsanläggning intill Scanraff vid Brofjorden. Anläggningens kylvattenutsläpp beräknas till 7,5 m3/s med eninitiell övertemperatur på cirka 10 °C. Alternativa utsläppspunkter är söder om Hanneviksholmen och södra Trommekilen.

    En frågeställning är huruvida man genom lämpligt val av utsläppsarrangemang kan få en gynnsam uppvärmning av Hanneviken och därigenom förbättra förutsättningarna för en produktion av växtplankton.Tillgången på växtplankton är en förutsättning för en tänkt ostronodling norr om Hanneviksholmen.

    SMHI har fått i uppdrag av Vattenfall Utveckling AB att utreda kylvattenspridningen för två alternativa utsläpp i Hanneviken. Arbetet har omfattat simuleringar av cirkulationsförhållandena och kylvattenspridningen samt fältundersökningar. Fältmätningarna har syftat till dels att verifiera modellens resultat dels att få en uppfattning om hur stor del av året man kan förvänta en gynnsam uppvärmning av Hanneviken.

    Uppvärmningen av Hanneviken är starkt beroende av vindens riktning.För ostlig vind är temperaturhöjningen mindre än 2 °C,medan den är 3-5 °C för sydostlig eller sydvästlig vind.

    Uppvärmningen av vattnet längs kusten nordost om Kågarna blir 2-3 °C.

    Utsläppsalternativ 1 ger en något högre uppvärmning.

    Vindar från SE över S till W är mest gynnsamma för en inström väster om Hanneviksholmen och därmed en spridning av kylvatten in mot Hanneviken. Andelen av dessa vindar under året uppskattas till cirka 50%.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 13.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar i Öregrundsgrepen 19861987Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    1986 kan kraftverkets drift betraktas som normal med avseende på kylvattenflöde och värme. Samtliga tre block har haft ett högt driftutnyttjande.

    Kontrollprogrammets målsättning har varit att kontinuerligt övervaka kylvattnets spridning i tid och rum. Av särskilt intresse har varit att övervaka effekterna av läckaget från F 3:s kylvattenkanal. Tätningsarbetena påbörjades under F 3:s revisionsperiod under sensommaren och var avslutade i slutet av november. Följande slutsatser har dragits:

    • Tre-blocksdriften under december har inneburit avkylningsytor av storleken 6 - 8 km?Under två-blocksdrift är motsvarande ytor 4 - 7 km2
    • Området mellan St Sandgrund och vallen påverkas mest av läckaget.
    • 10°C övertemperatur har förekommit närmast vallen.
    • Vid driftstopp1 F 3:s revisionsperiod, avkyls det berörda läckageområdet.Ingen förekomst av uppvärmt kylvatten kan konstateras under revisionsperioden.
    • Vid idrifttagande av F 3 har omgående vattenområdet påverkats.
    • Drift under islagd period har medfört att öppet vatten förekommit utanför vallen hela tiden trots den svåra isvintern.
    • Ett extremt vattenstånd+ 143 cm över MW har förekommit (jfr med+ 150 cm vilket motsvarar "hundraårsvattenståndet").
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 14.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar i Öregrundsgrepen perioden 84/851986Report (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar utanför Forsmark 19871988Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    1987 kan kraftverkets drift betraktas som normal med avseende på kylvattenflöde och värme. Samtliga tre block har haft ett högt drift utnyttjande.

    Kontrollprogrammets målsättning har varit att kontinuerligt övervaka kylvattnets spridning i tid och rum. Av särskilt intresse har varit att se effekten av kylvattentillskottet från block 3 via ordinarie utlopp.

    Följande slutsatser har dragits:

    • Treblocksdriften under året har inneburit avkylningsytor av storleksordningen 7 - 12 km2. Den tidigare bedömningen med endast karteringar från december 1986, var 6 - 8 km2.
    • Temperaturen i skärgårdsområdet har inte påverkats av treblocksdriften.
    • Något fortsatt läckage från F 3:s kylvattenkanal har inte observerats.
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 16.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar utanför Forsmark 19881989Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    1988 kan kraftverkets drift betraktas som normal med avseende på kylvattenflöde och värme. Samtliga tre block har haft ett högt driftutnyttjande.

    Reservutskovet har dock nyttjats mer än föregående år, ca 3 månader.

    Kontrollprogrammets målsättning har varit att kontinuerligt övervaka kylvattnets spridning i tid och rum. Av särskilt intresse har varit att se effekten av  kylvattentillskottet från block 3 via ordinarie utlopp.

    Följande slutsatser har dragits:

    • Treblocksdriften under året har inneburit avkylningsytor av storleksordningen 8 - 16 km 2. Den tidigare bedömningen från 1987; var 7 - 12 km2.
    • Temperaturen i skärgårdsområdet har inte påverkats av treblocksdriften.
    • Något märkbart läckage från F 3:s kylvattenkanal har inte observerats.
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 17.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar utanför Forsmark 19891990Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 18.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar utanför Forsmark 19921993Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    1992 års kontrollprogram har haft som målsättning att:

    - kontinuerligt bevaka temperaturen i vertikal Si skärgårdsområdet.

    - kontrollera vattenområdet vid F3:s kylvattenkanal (tidigare läckaget).

    Kraftverkets drift under 1992 kan betraktas som normal med avseende på kylvattenflöde och värme.

    Reservutskovet har använts i drygt 1 månad. Under 1990 och 1991 var motsvarande tid cirka 6 månader. Att perioden varit så mycket längre under de två föregående åren har berott på att Kustlaboratoriet i Öregrund bedrivit ett försök att skapa möjligheter för en förbättrad fiskreproduktion.

    Kommentarer:

    * Tendensen av något förhöjda temperaturer under åren 1990 - 91 i skärgårdsområdet vid vertikal S har brutits. Temperaturen ligger på en mer normal nivå genom att reservutskovet utnyttjats betydligt mindre under 1992.

    * Det fanns inga spår av det tidigare läckaget utanför F3:s kylvattenkanal.

    Statistiskt sett var årsmedeltemperaturen (april - november) under -92 i vertikal Spå 1 m djup 0.23°C över medelvärdet för perioden 1977-91. För 1991 och 1990 låg årsmedeltemp. 2.2°C resp l.8°C över medelvärdet.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 19.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar utanför Forsmark 19931994Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    1993 års kontrollprogram har haft som målsättning att:

    - kontinuerligt bevaka temperaturen i vertikal S i skärgårdsområdet

    - kontrollera vattenområdet vid F3:s kylvattenkanal (tidigare läckaget).

    Kraftverkets drift under 1993 kan betraktas som normal med avseende på kylvattenflöde och värme.

    Reservutskovet har använts i drygt 1 månad. Under 1990 och 1991 var motsvarande tid cirka 6 månader. Att perioden varit så mycket längre under de två åren har berott på att Kustlaboratoriet i Öregrund bedrivit ett försök att skapa möjligheter för en förbättrad fiskreproduktion.

    Kommentarer:

    * Temperaturen ligger på en fortsatt normal nivå genom att reservutskovet   utnyttjats betydligt mindre under 1992.

    * Det fanns inga spår av det tidigare läckaget utanför F3:s kylvattenkanal.

    Statististiskt sett var årsmedeltemperaturen (april - november) under -93 i vertikal Spå 1 m djup 0.l8°C under medelvärdet för perioden 1977-92.

    För 1991 och 1990 låg årsmedeltemp. 2.2°C resp l.8°C över medelvärdet, samt för 1992 låg årsmedeltemp. 0.23°C över medelvärdet.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 20.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar utanför Forsmark 19941995Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Kraftverkets drift under 1994 kan betraktas som normal med avseende på kylvattenflöde och värme.

    Kylvatten från Fl och F2 har släppts via reservutskovet under 5 månader. Detta på grund av problem med rensningen av fiskspärren vid biotestsjöns utlopp. Den sammantagna effekten av kylvatten från reservutskovet och en värmebölja medförde att den hittills högsta uppmätta temperaturen i vertikal S, 25.2°C noterades den 2 augusti. Årsmedeltemperaturen (april - november) under 1994 i vertikal S på 1 m djup låg 1.7 °C över medelvärdet för perioden 1977 - 1993 (april - november).

    1994 års temperaturöverskott uppstod framförallt under sommaren, under senhösten ökade vattenutbytet med det utanförliggande havsområdet och någon ackumulering av kylvatten kunde inte registreras.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 21.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    SMHIs undersökningar utanför Forsmark 19951996Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Målsättning för 1995 års kontrollprogram har varit att kontinuerligt bevaka temperaturen i vertikal S i skärgårdsområdet.

    Kylvatten har släppts via reservutskovet vid olika tillfällen under sammanlagt 5 månader. Största delen av utsläppen har skett under andra halvåret. Detta pga problem med rensningen av fiskspärren vid Biotestsjöns utlopp. För 1994 rådde liknande förhållanden.

    Effekten av kylvatten från reservutskovet och en vann inledning på hösten ("brittsommar") medförde att den hittills högsta månadsmedeltemperaturen för oktober noterades (vertikal S på 1 m djup 11.82°C). Årsmedeltemperaturen (april-nov) under 1995 låg 1 °C över medelvärdet för perioden 1977-94 (april-nov ). Motsvarande siffra för 1994 var 1. 7°C.

    1995 års temperaturöverskott uppstod framförallt under augusti-september- oktober. I  november ökade vattenutbytet med det utanförliggande havsområdet och någon ackumulering av kylvatten kunde inte registreras.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 22.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Hillgren, Robert
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Westring, Gustaf
    SMHI.
    Strömmar, skiktningsförhållanden, vattenståndsvariationer mellan Cebu och Leyte, Filippinerna.: -En förstudie inför sjökabelläggning i områdetTyp: Rapport1992Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Andersson, Kerstin
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Svenskt sjöregister. 2 delar: Svenskt Vattenarkiv1996Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Andersson, Kerstin
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Vattenföring i Sverige. Del 1. Vattendrag till Bottenviken: Svenskt Vattenarkiv1995Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    En viktig uppgift för SMHI är att ge information om vattenföringen i Sveriges vattendrag. "Vattenföringen i Sveriges floder" utkom 1954. Den sammanställdes av Ragnar Melin och innehöll uppgifter tom är 1950. En ny utgåva, "Vattenföring i Sverige", publicerades 1979. Den innehåller minst 10 år långa mätserier för de vattenföringsstationer som var i drift 1975 samt för vissa tidigare nedlagda stationer.

    Denna utgåva innehåller vattenföringsuppgifter t o m 1990 för de vattenföringsstationer som var i drift 1990 och som har en mätserie på minst 10 år.

    SMHI publicerar denna gäng "Vattenföring i Sverige" i fyra delar. Indelningen av Sverige är densamma som i "Arealer för avrinningsområden", som samtidigt är under utgivning. De olika delarna omfattarDel 1 vattendrag som mynnar i BottenvikenDel 2 vattendrag som mynnar i BottenhavetDel 3 vattendrag som mynnar i Egentliga ÖstersjönDel 4 vattendrag som mynnar i Västerhavet ( Öresund, Kattegatt, Skagerrak).

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Andersson, Kerstin
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Vattenföring i Sverige. Del 2. Vattendrag till Bottenhavet: Svenskt Vattenarkiv1995Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    En viktig uppgift för SMHI är att ge information om vattenföringen i Sveriges vattendrag. "Vattenföringen i Sveriges floder" utkom 1954. Den sammanställdes av Ragnar Melin och innehöll uppgifter tom år 1950. En nyutgåva, "Vattenföring i Sverige", publicerades 1979. Den innehåller minst 10 år långa mätserier för de vattenföringsstationer som var i drift 1975 samt för vissa tidigare nedlagda stationer. Denna utgåva innehåller vattenföringsuppgifter t o m 1990 för de vattenföringsstationer som var i drift 1990 och som har en mätserie på minst 10 år.

    SMHI publicerar denna gång "Vattenföring i Sverige" i fyra delar. Indelningen av Sverige är densamma som i "Arealer för avrinningsområden", som samtidigt är under utgivning. De olika delarna omfattar

    Del 1 vattendrag som mynnar i BottenvikenDel 2 vattendrag som mynnar i BottenhavetDel 3 vattendrag som mynnar i Egentliga ÖstersjönDel 4 vattendrag som mynnar i Västerhavet ( Öresund, Kattegatt, Skagerrak).

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 26.
    Andersson, Kerstin
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Vattenföring i Sverige. Del 3. Vattendrag till Egentliga Östersjön: Svenskt Vattenarkiv1993Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    En viktig uppgift för SMHI är att ge information om vattenföringen i Sveriges vattendrag. "Vattenföringen i Sveriges floder" utkom 1954. Den sammanställdes av Ragnar Melin och innehöll uppgifter tom är 1950. En ny utgåva, ''Vattenföring i Sverige", publicerades 1979. Den innehåller minst 10 år långa mätserier för de vattenföringsstationer som var i drift 1975 samt för vissa tidigare nedlagda stationer.

    Denna utgåva innehåller vattenföringsuppgifter t o m 1990 för de vattenföringsstationer som var i drift 1990 och som har en mätserie på minst 10 år.

    SMHI publicerar denna gång "Vattenföring i Sverige'' i fyra delar. Indelningen av Sverige är densamma som i "Arealer för avrinningsområden", som samtidigt är under utgivning. De olika delarna omfattar

    Del 1 vattendrag som mynnar i BottenvikenDel 2 vattendrag som mynnar i BottenhavetDel 3 vattendrag som mynnar i Egentliga ÖstersjönDel 4 vattendrag som mynnar i Västerhavet ( Öresund, Kattegatt, Skagerrak).

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Andersson, Kerstin
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Vattenföring i Sverige. Del 4. Vattendrag till Västerhavet: Svenskt Vattenarkiv1994Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    En viktig uppgift för SMH1 är att ge information om vattenföringen i Sveriges vattendrag. "Vattenföringen i Sveriges floder" utkom l954. Den sammanställdes av Ragnar Melin och innehöll uppgifter tom år 1950. En ny utgåva, "Vattenföring i Sverige", publicerades 1979. Den innehåller minst 10 är långa mätserier för de vattenföringsstationer som var i drift 1975 samt för vissa tidigare nedlagda stationer.Denna utgåva innehåller vattenföringsuppgifter tom 1990 för de vattenföringsstationer som var i drift 1990 och som har en rnätserie på minst 10 år.SMHI publicerar denna gäng ''Vattenföring i Sverige" i fyra delar. Indelningen av Sverige är densamma som i "Arealer för avrinningsområden'', som samtidigt är under utgivning.e olika delarna omfattarDel 1 vattendrag som mynnar i BottenvikenDel 2 vattendrag som mynnar i BottenhavetDel 3 vattendrag som mynnar i Egentliga ÖstersjönDel 4 vattendrag som mynnar i Västerhavet ( Öresund, Kattegatt, Skagerrak).

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 28.
    Andersson, Lars
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Trends in nutrient and oxygen concentrations in the Skagerrak-Kattegat1996In: Journal of Sea Research, ISSN 1385-1101, E-ISSN 1873-1414, Vol. 35, no 1-3, p. 63-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Skagerrak and Kattegat form a transition zone between the Baltic and the North Sea. Both areas are subject to increased nutrient loads. In this paper a non-parametric method is used to calculate the changes in nutrient and oxygen concentrations in the area. The period chosen was 1971 to 1990 and the parameters were dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, silicate, total nitrogen and total phosphorus together with oxygen and oxygen saturation. Data have been sorted after salinity and the analyses have been carried out for different water masses and subareas. The results demonstrate that both surface and deep water in the Kattegat show increasing trends during winter for all nutrients except silicate. During summer there is an increase in total nitrogen and total phosphorus while silicate shows a decrease. In the Skagerrak the picture is more variable; in the eastern part, however, there is a clear increase for all inorganic nutrients during winter in the coastal water. Oxygen shows a declining trend in most areas.

  • 29.
    Andersson, Lars
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Carlberg, Stig
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Edler, Lars
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Fogelqvist, Elisabet
    SMHI.
    Fonselius, Stig
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Fyrberg, Lotta
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Palmén, Håkan
    SMHI.
    Sjöberg, Björn
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Zagradkin, Danuta
    SMHI.
    Haven runt Sverige 1991. Rapport från SMHI, Oceanografiska Laboratoriet, inklusive PMK - utsjöprogrammet1992Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report describe SMHls environmental monitoring in the open sea areas around Sweden, from the Skagerrak to the northem part of the Bothnian Sea  A great part of the results from the project described here are also reported as a national Swedish contribution to the Baltic Monitoring Programme (BMP) of the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM). Physical, chemical and biological parameters are studied in water samples, zoobenthos is studied in sediment grab samples and samples of fish and mussels are collected for the determination of harmful substances in the Kattegat, the Sound (Öresund), the Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Bothnia.

    The temperature of the sea surface layer was higher than normal most part of the year, just as in 1989. In the entire sea area the temperatures were 1- 3 °C above the long term mean value for the period 1979 - 1989. The oxygen conditions in the south eastern Kattegat once again were unfavorable in late summer and early autumn. However, despite the unusually calm autumn with only weak mixing of the water masses the oxygen concentrations increased again and the situation never was serious. Also in the Baltic Proper the bad oxygen situation in the deep water prevailed in several basins the whole year. No major inflow of oxygen rich water occurred to ventilate the deep basins. In the Bornholm Basin hydrogen sulphide was present under the halocline (with an extension into the Hanö Bight) the whole year with the exception of the August cruise. In the Gdansk Basin there is no longer any stratification and oxygen is mixed into the water from the atmosphere. This has improved the conditions in the bottom water. In the Eastern Gotland Basin hydrogen sulphide has been present in the bottom water for more than 13 years continuously. The Northem Central Basin, including the Landsort Deep, and the Western Central Basin were free from hydrogen sulphide the whole year. Nutrient conditions did not show any remarkable or unexpected changes during 1990. During the winter period phosphate and nitrate were present in about normal concentrations, which decreased to near detection limit during the production period in the spring and early summer and then increased again during autumn. The petroleum hydrocarbons showed during the spring roughly the same concentrations as during the previous years, whereas the autumn values were normal in the surface water only and all other values were high or very high. The reason for this has not been identified.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 30.
    Andersson, Lars
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Carlberg, Stig
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Fogelqvist, Elisabet
    SMHI.
    Fonselius, Stig
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Fyrberg, Lotta
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Palmén, Håkan
    SMHI.
    Zagradkin, Danuta
    SMHI.
    Yhlén, Bengt
    SMHI.
    Program för miljökvalitetsövervakning – PMK: Utsjöprogram under 19901991Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The projectThis report describes a project for environmental monitoring in the sea areas around Sweden, from the Kattegat to the northern part of the Bothnian Sea. SMHI carries out this project based on a contractual arrangement with the National Swedish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and the project is part of the national programme for environmental monitoring (PMK). The greater part of the results from the project described here is also reported as a national Swedish contribution to the Baltic Monitoring Programme (BMP) of the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM).

    The monitoring is carried out through a number of regular cruises in the Kattegat, the Sound (Öresund), the Baltic Proper and the Gulf ofBothnia. Physical, chemical and biological parameters are studied in water samples, zoobenthos is studied in sediment grab samples and samples of fish and mussels are collected for the determination of harmful substances.

    The work is entirely integrated with the regular oceanographical programme of SMHI. By this arrangement the result of the SMHI programme is made available also for the national monitoring. Consequently, this report contains a lot more information than is really financed by the SEPA monitoring budget.

    ResultsThe winter of 1989 - 90 was very mild; it was in fact the fourth mild winter in sequence! The sea ice cover was small; By and large, it was only the Bothnian Bay that was covered and this ice broke up about two weeks earlier than usual. The first part of 1990 was warm and windy and yielded at lot of  precipitation, particularly in the southern part of Sweden. The spring was early and warmer than normal. In May and later the weather was more unstable and the summer had changing weather and somewhat low temperatures. The autumn started as calm and rainy, but ended in December as mild and windy.

    The temperature of the sea surface layer was higher than normal most part of the year, just as it was in 1989. lnfact, the temperatures were 1- 3 °C above the long term mean value for the period 1979- 1989 in the entire area.

    The oxygen conditions in the south eastern Kattegat once again turned into an unfavorable situation in late summer and early autumn. However, despite the unusually calm autumn with only weak mixing of the water masses the oxygen concentrations increased again and the situation never was serious. Also in the Baltic Proper the bad oxygen situation in the deep water prevailed in several basins the whole year. No major infiow of oxygen rich water occurred to ventilate the deep basins. In the Bornholm Basin hydrogen sulphide was present under the halocline (with an extension into the Hanö Bight) the whole year with the exception of the August cruise. In the Gdansk Basin there is no longer any stratification and oxygen is mixed into hte water from the surfacelayer. This has improved the conditions int he bottom water. However, in the Eastern Gotland Basin hydrogen sulphide has been present in the bottom water for more than 13 years continuously. The Northern Central Basin, including the Landsort Deep, and the Western Central Basin were free from hydrogen sulphide the whole year.

    Nutrient conditions did not show any remarkable or unexpected changes during 1990. During the winter period phosphate and nitrate were present in about normal concentrations, which decreased to near detection limit during the production period in the spring and early summer and then increased again during autumn.

    The analyses of petroleum hydrocarbons showed slightly lower concentrations for the spring as compared to the results from the 1980-ties. This indicates that the load of oil pollution of the Baltic and the Kattegat had not changed significantly. However, the results from the autumn sampling were strikingly different. Although the surface samples showed normal concentrations the results from 10 m (and 30 m) were higher. The reason for this could not be identified but it is unlikely to be a contamination of the samples.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 31.
    Andersson, Lars
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Edler, Lars
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    Sjöberg, Björn
    SMHI, Core Services.
    The conditions of the seas around Sweden: Report from activities in 19921993Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report describes same aspects of the hydrographical conditions in the open sea areas around Sweden , based on SMHis environmental monitoring program during 1992. Due to the warm winter the mean sea surface temperature during spring was about 2 °C higher than normal. In Skagerrak events with very high nutrient concentrations accurred close to the Danish coast. No severe oxygen deficits were present in the Kattegat,  the lowest value recorded was 0.8 ml/l in the Laholm Bight during September. During autumn silicate in Kattegat surface water was below the detection limit which is very unusual. No major inflow of high saline water to the Baltic has occurred since 1977 and the salinity in the Gotland Deep at the end of 1992 was lowest ever recorded.

    Download full text (pdf)
    The conditions of the seas around Sweden. Report from activities in 1992.
  • 32.
    Andersson, Lars
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Kajrup, Nils
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Sjöberg, Björn
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Dimensionering av de nationella marina pelagialprogrammen2004Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det nya miljöövervakningssystemet skall fokuseras mot att följa de uppsatta miljömålen, säkra internationell rapportering, samt ge underlag för de kommande miljökvalitetsnormerna. Den nationella marina pelagialövervakningen skall tillsammans med övrig nationell och internationell information kunna redovisa i första hand tillstånd och effekter av eutrofiering och i andra hand tillstånd och förändringar med avseende på biologisk mångfald.SMHI fick med andledning av detta i uppdrag att utreda hur ett nationellt marint pelagialprogram torde dimensioneras. På det datamaterial som fanns tillgängligt har dels styrkeberäkningar utförts, för att avgöra möjligheten att fastställa trender, dels spatial korrelation studerats, för att beräkna den rumsliga upplösning som krävs. Den analys som utförts, tyder på att nuvarande program i stort sett är rätt dimensionerade, både när det gäller tidsmässig och rumslig upplösning. När det gäller de kemiska och fysikaliska parametrarna kan man i de flesta fall, med nuvarande frekvens, upptäcka de förändringar som anges i förutsättningarna. När det gäller de biologiska parametrarna har det varit svårare att göra en riktig analys. Det är dock helt uppenbart att de biologiska parametrarna kräver en högre mätfrekvens, åtminstone under viss del av året, än de kemiskt-fysiska. Därför bör biologisk provtagning i första hand koncentreras till de högintensiva stationerna.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 33.
    Andersson, Lars
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Rahm, Lars
    SMHI, Research Department, Oceanography.
    THERMALLY DRIVEN CIRCULATION WITHIN AN EXPERIMENTAL ENCLOSURE1990In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, ISSN 0272-7714, E-ISSN 1096-0015, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 111-129Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Andersson, Lars
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    RYDBERG, L
    EXCHANGE OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS BETWEEN THE SKAGERRAK AND THE KATTEGAT1993In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, ISSN 0272-7714, E-ISSN 1096-0015, Vol. 36, no 2, p. 159-181Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Andersson, Lars
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Sjöberg, Björn
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Krysell, Mikael
    SMHI, Core Services.
    The conditions of the seas around Sweden: Report from the activities in 19931994Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report describes some basic aspects of the hydrographical conditions in the open sea areas around Sweden, based on SMHls environmental monitoring program during 1993. A new monitoring program has been implemented, consisting of two types different types of stations. First, frequent stations which are few but have a high sampling frequency making it possible to resolve annual variations. Secondly mapping stations visited only a few times per year as to asses, oxygen conditions in the Kattegat and the Baltic deep waters and the pool of nutrients during the pre bloom season.

    The most interesting event during 1993 was the large inflow of salt water to the Baltic that occured in the beginning of the year. As a result the deep water in the East Gotland Basin was renewed and oxygenated for the first time since 1978.

    Download full text (pdf)
    The conditions of the seas around Sweden. Report from the activities in 1993
  • 36.
    Andersson, Lotta
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Experiences of the use of riverine nutrient models in stakeholder dialogues2004In: International Journal of Water Resources Development, ISSN 0790-0627, E-ISSN 1360-0648, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 399-413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The potential of models to assist in stakeholder dialogues is assessed regarding options for the reduction of riverine nitrogen loads in a 357-km(2) river basin in south central Sweden. Scenarios of remedies based on stakeholders' suggestions were used to stimulate discussions in a panel incorporating farmers, municipality staff, politicians and technical advisers. The farmers perceived the model-derived discussion material as valuable, although only average conditions at a generic farm were simulated. The panellists demonstrated caution when using regionalized information, but did not request quantitative uncertainty estimates. There was a desire to have phosphorus included in the model-derived discussion material and to include the impacts of other environmental goals than 'no eutrophication'. The inclusion of different stakeholder groups in the panel sessions was acknowledged as a way to establish a shared perception of the existing environmental status of the basin and to define the pros and cons of various remedies. This was seen by the panellists as a way to facilitate local implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Use of model-stimulated local stakeholder panels is also a way to ensure that involved stakeholders perceive local environmental goals as realistic and acceptable. However, to establish river-basin stakeholder dialogues as part of the nation-wide implementation of the WFD directive, it will be necessary to develop a model approach that can be used by local advisers. Perhaps the most critical factor is the moderators' ability to provide an atmosphere of mutual respect between all those involved in contrast to performing one-way lectures to the participants.

  • 37.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Arheimer, Berit
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Consequences of changed wetness on riverine nitrogen - human impact on retention vs. natural climatic variability2001In: Regional Environmental Change, ISSN 1436-3798, E-ISSN 1436-378X, Vol. 2, no 3, p. 93-105Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The HBV-N model was used for a scenario analysis of changes in nitrogen retention and transport caused by alterations of wetness due to land drainage, lowering of lakes, building of dams and climatic variability in a river basin in south-central Sweden (1885-1994). In general, dams were situated in locations more favourable for retention, compared to the lowered lakes. Rather modest conversions of water bodies only changed nitrogen transport by about 3%. The 180-times-larger increase of (mainly) tile-drained agricultural land had, according to simulations, increased the nitrogen transport by 17%, due to reduced retention. However, compared to human-induced alteration of the landscape N retention, the choice of 10-year periods of climatological data had the overriding effect on the calculated nitrogen transport. Weather-induced variations resulted in a 13% difference in nitrogen retention between various 10-year periods. When the model was driven by climatological data from the driest 10-year period (1905-1914), the estimated average annual load was only half of that obtained with climatological data from the wettest 10-year period (1975-1984).

  • 38.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Arheimer, Berit
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Modelling of human and climatic impact on nitrogen load in a Swedish river 1885-19942003In: Hydrobiologia, ISSN 0018-8158, E-ISSN 1573-5117, Vol. 497, no 1-3, p. 63-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Changes in environmental conditions within a river basin in South Central Sweden (1400 km(2)) and impacts on riverine nitrogen (N) transport were evaluated. A historical database was compiled and the process-based HBV-N model used to estimate flow normalised N loads in 1885, 1905, 1927, 1956, 1976, and 1994, using a standard climatological record (1985-1994). The study shows the value of process-based modelling in environmental impact assessment, by making it possible to assess and integrate the effect of a number of factors, both with regard to human impact and natural climatic variability. Factors taken into account include: the effects of land use, agricultural practices, atmospheric deposition, human dietary intake, use of flush toilets, lowering of lakes, building of dams, and climatic variability. For all years studied, agriculture was the overriding source of N, and changes in riverine N over time mainly reflected changes in land use and agricultural practices. In spite of decreasing N-leaching from agriculture, the net load remained fairly constant between 1885 and 1927, due to reduced N retention. Drainage of agricultural land had a dominating impact on reducing N retention, which increased the N loads, while the effects of the lowering of lake levels and dam building were less pronounced. Household N emission per capita was higher in 1994 than in 1927, as the increased consumption of meat and dairy products alone resulted in a higher increase of the emission than was compensated for with wastewater treatment improvement. In addition, introduction of flush toilets increased the emission from households. In total, the net load in 1976 was twofold higher than that in 1885, 1905 and 1927, due to increased leaching from agriculture, wastewater emission, and atmospheric deposition on lake surfaces. Finally, the impact of climatological variability was assessed, using a 110-yr climatological record. The choice of 10-yr period of climatological data was the factor that had the largest impact on calculated N load.

  • 39.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Bonell, M
    Moody, D W
    Special thematic issue: Hydrology for the environment. life and policy (Help) Programme - Foreword2004In: International Journal of Water Resources Development, ISSN 0790-0627, E-ISSN 1360-0648, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 267-274Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Olsson, Johanna Alkan
    Arheimer, Berit
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Jonsson, Anna
    Use of participatory scenario modelling as platforms in stakeholder dialogues2008In: Water S.A., ISSN 0378-4738, E-ISSN 1816-7950, Vol. 34, no 4, p. 439-447Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A participatory methodology, based on dialogues between stakeholders and experts has been developed and tested in the drainage area to Kaggebo Bay in the Baltic Sea. This study is focused on the EU Water Framework Directive, with emphasis on reduction of eutrophication. The drainage area is included in the WFD administrative area of the Motala Strom River basin. A similar approach is now applied in a recently initiated project in the Thukela River basin, with focus on impacts of climate change on water resources. The methodology is based on the idea that a catchment model serves as a platform for the establishment of a common view of present conditions and the causes behind these conditions. In the following steps, this is followed by model-assisted agreement on environmental goals (i.e. what do we want the future to look like?) and local agreement on a remedy or mitigation plans in order to reduce environmental impact (e. g. eutrophication); alternatively to adapt to conditions that cannot be determined by local actions (e. g. climate change). By involving stakeholder groups in this model-supported stepwise process, it is ensured that all stakeholder groups involved have a high degree of confidence in the presented model results, and thereby enable various actors involved to share a common view, regarding both present conditions, goals and the way to reach these goals. Although this is a process that is time-(and cost-) consuming, it is hypothesised that the use of this methodology is two-pronged: it increases the willingness to carry out remedies or necessary adaptations to a changing environment, and it increases the level of understanding between the various groups and therefore ameliorates the potential for future conflicts. Compared to traditional use of model results in environmental decision-making, the experts' role is transformed from a one-way communication of final results to assistance in the various steps of the participatory process.

  • 41.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Persson, Gunn
    SMHI, Professional Services.
    Bergström, Sten
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Ohlsson, Alexandra
    SMHI, Professional Services.
    Risker, konsekvenser och sårbarhet för samhället av förändrat klimat – en kunskapsöversikt: Flertalet av de i rapporten refererade myndigheterna och organisationerna har varit aktiva i framtagandet av texterna: Materialet har sammanställts av:2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Regeringen gav år 2014 SMHI i uppdrag att utarbeta underlag till Kontrollstation2015 för anpassning till ett förändrat klimat. Som en del av uppdraget ingick att göra en uppdaterad sammanställning av kunskapen om nuvarande och framtida risker och konsekvenser, främst med utgångspunkt från Klimat- och sårbarhetsutredningens slutbetänkande (SOU 2007:60). I föreliggande rapport beskrivs kunskapsläget kring det svenska samhällets sårbarhet för ett förändrat klimat. Klimatförändringarna påverkar hela samhället. Generellt kan sägas att medvetenheten om klimatförändringarnas påverkan har ökat, men det saknas en del kunskap och verktyg, främst på den lokala nivån. Översvämningsriskerna kring sjöar och längs vattendrag ökar, vilket kan påverka bebyggelse och infrastruktur. Risken för ras och skred tros också öka, främst i landets västra och sydvästra delar samt områden längs östra kusten. Erosion längs vattendrag, sjöar och kuster kan komma att öka i delar av landet. Vattentillgång och -kvalitet kommer att påverkas av förändrade nederbördsmönster, ökad spridning av föroreningar samt ökade mikrobiologiskarisker. Energisystemet kommer att utsättas för större påfrestningar, särskilt av extrema väderhändelser. Kunskapen har ökat kring klimatförändringarnas effekter på energisystemet, men det kvarstår kunskapsluckor relaterade till extremväder och anpassningsåtgärder. Kunskap och medvetenhet om klimatförändringarnas påverkan på kommunikationerna i samhället har ökat, men det finns fortfarande behov av mer utredning och verktyg. Förutsättningarna för jordbruket förbättras i huvudsak, med möjlighet till ökade skördar och nya grödor. Samtidigt kommer fler skadegörare och ogräs in. Nya behov av bevattning kan uppstå och markavvattningen kan behöva en översyn. Eventuellt minskat utbud av livsmedel på världsmarknaden, kan innebära ökad efterfrågan på svenska livsmedel. Samtidigt går Sverige idag mot ökat importberoende. Även djurhållningen står inför stora utmaningar. Å ena sidan kan djuren gå ute under en längre del av året och möjligheterna att vara självförsörjande med foder ökar. Men det varmare klimatet medför också risk för att nya djursjukdomar uppträder. Konsekvenserna för den svenska skogen och skogsbruket kommer att bli betydande. Ökad tillväxt ger större virkesproduktion, men ökad frekvens och omfattning av skador från främst insekter, svampar och storm samt blötare skogsmark kan föra med sig stora kostnader. Stora regionala skillnader i utbudet av kommersiellt virke kan påverka svensk skogsindustri. Förändrade förutsättningar är också att vänta för fiskbestånden. Nya fiskarter i svenska vatten kan föra med sig nya smittor och konkurrera ut befintliga arter i känsliga ekosystem. Renskötseln i Sverige kommer att allvarligt påverkas av klimatförändringarna och effekterna utgör stora utmaningar. Klimatförändringarna ger både positiva och negativa effekter för turismen. Det finns hinder för anpassningskapaciteten, bland annat bristande organisering av besöksnäringen. Människors och djurs hälsa kan påverkas direkt av extrema väderhändelser. Ett varmare klimat ger även upphov till förändrade smittspridningsmönster och nya sjukdomar kan nå Sverige. Förändringar i luft, vatten och mark, orsakade av klimatförändringar, kan också påverka hälsotillståndet för djur och människor. På nationell nivå är kunskaperna om risker för bebyggelse tillräckliga för att rekommendera åtgärder, men det saknas lokala beslutsunderlag. För kulturarvet behöver kunskapen öka. Klimatförändringarna förväntas leda till förändringar för den biologiska mångfalden och ekosystemen. Det påverkar förmågan att nå flera av Sveriges miljömål och behöver ses i samband med andra miljöhot. Det finns bland annat behov av regionala kartläggningar av hur arter, ekosystem, naturtyper och biologisk mångfald kan påverkas. Risk- och säkerhetsperspektivet har växt fram under senare år, men präglas av utmaningar avseende metoder. Mycket få studier behandlar förhållanden i Sverige.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 42.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Rosberg, Jörgen
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Pers, Charlotta
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Olsson, Jonas
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Arheimer, Berit
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology.
    Estimating catchment nutrient flow with the HBV-NP model: Sensitivity to input data2005In: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 34, no 7, p. 521-532Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The dynamic catchment model HBV-N has been further developed by adding routines for phosphorus transport and is now called the HBV-NP model. The model was shown to satisfactorily simulate nutrient dynamics in the Ronnea catchment (1 900 km(2)). Its sensitivity to input data was tested, and results demonstrated the increased sensitivity to the selection of input data on a subcatchment scale when compared with the catchment scale. Selection of soil and land use databases was found to be critical in some subcatchments but did not have a significant impact on a catchment scale. Although acceptable on a catchment scale, using templates and generalization, with regards to emissions from point sources and rural households, significantly decreased model performance in certain subcatchments when compared with using more detailed local information. A division into 64 subcatchments resulted in similar model performance at the catchment outlet when compared with a lumped approach. Adjusting the imported matrixes of the regional leaching of nitrogen, from agricultural land, against mean subcatchment water percolation did not have a significant impact on the model performance.

  • 43.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Wilk, Julie
    Graham, Phil
    SMHI, Research Department, Climate research - Rossby Centre.
    Warburton, Michele
    Design and test of a model-assisted participatory process for the formulation of a local climate adaptation plan2013In: Climate and Development, ISSN 1756-5529, E-ISSN 1756-5537, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 217-228Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents the design and testing of a model-assisted participatory process for the formulation of a local adaptation plan to climate change. The pilot study focused on small-scale and commercial agriculture, water supply, housing, wildlife, livestock and biodiversity in the Thukela River basin, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The methodology was based on stakeholders identifying and ranking the severity of climate-related challenges, and downscaled stakeholder-identified information provided by modellers, with the aim of addressing possible changes of exposure in the future. The methodology enables the integration of model-based information with experience and visions based on local realities. It includes stakeholders' own assessments of their vulnerability to prevailing climate variability and the severity, if specified, of climate-related problems that may occur more often in the future. The methodology made it possible to identify the main issues to focus on in the adaptation plan, including barriers to adaptation. We make recommendations for how to design a model-assisted participatory process, emphasizing the need for transparency, to recognize the interests of the stakeholders, good advance planning, local relevance, involvement of local champions, and adaptation of Information material to each group's previous experience and understanding.

  • 44.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Research Department, Hydrology. SMHI, Core Services.
    Wilk, Julie
    Graham, Phil
    SMHI, Professional Services.
    Wikner, Jacob
    Mokwatlo, Suzan
    Petja, Brilliant
    Local early warning systems for drought - Could they add value to nationally disseminated seasonal climate forecasts?2020In: Weather and Climate Extremes, ISSN 2212-0947, Vol. 28, article id UNSP 100241Article in journal (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 45.
    Andersson, Lotta
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Wilk, Julie
    Todd, Martin C.
    Hughes, Denis A.
    Earle, Anton
    Kniveton, Dominic
    Layberry, Russet
    Savenije, Hubert H. G.
    Impact of climate change and development scenarios on flow patterns in the Okavango River2006In: Journal of Hydrology, ISSN 0022-1694, E-ISSN 1879-2707, Vol. 331, no 1-2, p. 43-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper lays the foundation for the use of scenario modelling as a tool for integrated water resource management in the Okavango River basin. The Pitman hydrological model is used to assess the impact of various development and climate change scenarios on downstream river flow. The simulated impact on modelled river discharge of increased water use for domestic use, livestock, and informal irrigation (proportional to expected population increase) is very limited. Implementation of all likely potential formal irrigation schemes mentioned in available reports is expected to decrease the annual flow by 2% and the minimum monthly flow by 5%. The maximum possible impact of irrigation on annual average flow is estimated as 8%, with a reduction of minimum monthly flow by 17%. Deforestation of all areas within a 1 km buffer around the rivers is estimated to increase the flow by 6%. However, construction of all potential hydropower reservoirs in the basin may change the monthly mean flow distribution dramatically, although under the assumed operational rules, the impact of the dams is only substantial during wet years. The simulated impacts of climate change are considerable larger that those of the development scenarios (with exception of the high development scenario of hydropower schemes) although the results are sensitive to the choice of GCM and the IPCC SRES greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios. The annual mean water flow predictions for the period 2020-2050 averaged over scenarios from all the four GCMs used in this study are close to the present situation for both the A2 and B2 GHG scenarios. For the 2050-2080 and 2070-2099 periods the all-GCM mean shows a flow decrease of 20% (14%) and 26% (17%), respectively, for the A2 (B2) GHG scenarios. However, the uncertainty in the magnitude of simulated future changes remains high. The simulated effect of climate change on minimum monthly flow is proportionally higher than the impact on the annual mean flow. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 46.
    Andersson, Pia
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Ballast Water Exchange Areas: Prospects of designating BWE areas in the Baltic Proper2007Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Investigations were made to find out if there are areas with suitable environments for ballast water exchange. Suitable conditions may be areas of certain depths (preferably >200 meters) or distance from the coast (preferably >200nm or >50nm).The main focus is on the southern Baltic Proper since it is the area with the highest traffic, it has the largest of the two existing areas in the Baltic Sea >50nm from the coast.The Baltic Sea is not very large and there are nutrients available most of the year. During spring, the biovolume is at its highest, though there are biological activities (even HABs), mainly to the end of the year. The nutrient level is not low enough to prevent indigenous species survival.The very brackish surface waters vary between 5 psu in the Bothnian Sea to 7 psu in the southern Baltic Proper. The difference between fresh and central Baltic Proper water is not large.There is no definite way to say what specific salinity level will kill the BW organisms since there are many different organisms in the BW. As a rule of thumb, there is always a risk that they may survive.There is a high possibility that the surface waters in the BWE areas can be transported to protected areas or the coast and with a prevailing wind of 15 m/s it can take one day to one week, depending on the wind direction.Important assets like fish farms can be gravely affected, depending on the contents of the BW. Also competing or predatory species may cause harm, especially in spawning areas of fish or on native species on the sea bed. There are spawning grounds very close to the southern Baltic Proper proposed BWE area.Discharged pollutants normally affect the protected areas.The wave climate in the Baltic Proper is not very rough, especially when omparing to more open sea areas, hence not posing as high risk to the ship or crew safety.The total annual BWE discharge in the southern Baltic Proper is approximated to 1.9*109 m3.Most probably, the uptake of BW in the BWE area will be comprised of previously discharged BW, but at a low concentration.The BWE areas of interest are small. A ship will have to reduce the speed to be able to complete the exchange within the area.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 47.
    Andersson, Pia
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Ballast Water Exchange Areas: Prospects of designating BWE areas in the Skagerrak and the northern Norwegian Trench2007Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Investigations were made to find out if there are areas with suitable environments for ballast water exchange (BWE) in the Skagerrak and the Norwegian Trench. Suitable conditions may be areas of certain depths (preferably >200 meters) or distance from the coast (preferably >200 nm or >50 nm). Certain oceanographical, biological and envitonmental issues should also be considered.In the Skagerrak there is no area >50 nm from the coast, but there is a small area within the Swedish territorial waters with depth >200 m. There is an area >50 nm from the coast with depth >200 m in the northern Norwegian Trench.Discharged ballst water in the BWE areas will be transported towards a coast or protected area. The main distance between the potential Skagerrak BWE area and the Natura 2000 areas are 10 to 15 nm.There are strong currents in both BWE areas and discharges could be transported over large areas during the following month. The entire Skagerrak area would be reached. Most parts of the costal zone would be reached within a week. The probability that a BW discharge will reach the nearby Natura 2000 areas is high. The shortest drift time to the protected areas along the Swedish coast and to the Norwegian coast is only a few days.A ship would have to stop or greatly reduce its speed to complete a BWE within the proposed Skagerrak area. In the northern Norwegian Trench, there is no major shipping lane nearby.The wave climate in the Skagerrak may not cause major concern for the safety for large ships. In the northern Norwegian Trench BWE area of interest, wave heights are a significant hazard on board most ships.Nutrient levels are not low enough to efficiently reduce the survival rate of the organisms introduced by BW.Discharged pollutants could normally affect the protected areas if transported to the area.There is no way to say what specific salinity level kill BW organisms since there are many different organisms in the BW. As a rule of thumb, there is always a risk that they may survive. If the organisms are harmful, they can or will affect vulnerable native organisms.The environment at the BWE area or in nearby protected areas, possibly with important assets, can be affected by the BW, although it is dependant on the BW contents. There is a wide variety of what it can contain. If the organisms or pollutants are harmful to a single species or to entire ecosystems, there is a clear risk of affecting protected areas.Important assets like fish and mussel farms can be affected. Competing or predatory species may cause harm, especially in spawning areas of fish or on benthic native species.Circulation of the central Skagerrak surface waters and eddies in the northern Norwegian Coastal Current, increase the risk of ships taking up previously discharged BW. The waters in the BWE areas have strong stratification, which prevents mixing with deep water.The risk of uptake is high, albeit with a reduced concentration. In many of the referenced texts however, the concentrations of the organisms are not of major importance. New organisms may survive and reproduce even at low starting numbers.Most results indicate that the proposed BWE areas are not suitable for BWE with reference to the requirements in the Ballast Water Convention and G14.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 48.
    Andersson, Pia
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Drivers of Marine Acidification in the Seas Surrounding Sweden2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    It is of common consensus in the ocean acidification community that the increase of atmospheric CO2 is the main driving force of the downwards pH trends in the worlds oceans. In the stations surrounding Sweden, that is most probably the main underlying factor as well, however the rate of change differs from the oceanic rates and there are different rates of change at different depths and different seasons.To investigate further, four monitoring stations with long time series of pH data in the Kattegat and the Baltic Proper have been analysed both for trends and what the main drivers of the change of pH values for those stations could be.Besides a linear trend analysis, a non parametric trend analysis has been applied to the pH data sets. It appears that the carbonate system generally works in the surface layer where the biologic processes are most active, reducing or prohibiting the decline of pH in most of the evaluated stations. It also seems like the downward trends of pH in most of the remaining water masses are influenced and accelerated by oxygen deficiency and eutrophicated water masses.A multivariate analysis was then performed to see what or what combination of parameters influence the change of the pH values the most. The results from the analysis were either significant or not significant, indicating either more trustworthy or not as trustworthy results. A result showing high correlation for a parameter or a set of parameters that influence pH, in combination with being significant, was then an indication of a trustworthy result.Several parameters were included in this analysis, however some key parameters that perhaps influence the changes of the pH values the most may have been missed due to the lack of available data or knowledge or included in the analysis, but in a wrong way. What this study was able to do, was to use the available parameters at hand and make assumptions on how to prepare the data to be able to combine it with the pH data. The results can give an indication as to how much the parameters influence the pH values out of the included parameters, in the manner they were included.Of all the parameters included in the analysis, O2, O2 saturation, PO4 and DIN were the main parameters influencing the pH values.When looking at what single parameter influence pH the most or the least of the included parameters, a table was put together to display what parameters were ranked to be most important and then second most important and so on to the least important parameter.For all stations, all seasons and all depths, there was a slight tendency for the parameters chl-a, atmospheric CO2, North Atlantic Oscillation Index, precipitation pH, river pH and river alkalinity to be ranked the least important. DIN seemed to be more important at the surface layers than at the bottom layers. Salinity and alkalinity seemed to be more important in the bottom layers than in the surface layers. At all depths, O2, O2 saturation, PO4 and SiO4 seemed to be of higher importance.Another interesting feature was that O2 seemed to be of importance throughout all depths except for the 10-20 meters depth, probably due to high variability at that depth. SiO4 seemed to be more important at the Kattegat station than at the other stations.Chl-a did not seem to be important. Since biological activity should have a large impact on pH, chl-a as included in the analysis, was not a good choice as a representative of the biological activity. O2 and O2 saturation were very much influencing the pH patterns. Perhaps in the top layers, they were better representatives for the biological activity in this analysis.It is also interesting to see the lack of importance of the atmospheric CO2. However, when performing trend analysis, not many pH trends were present at the surface (probably due to the biological and of course chemical/physical processes), opening up for O2, O2 saturation and nutrients to be the dominant parameters.In the report, the monitoring need of acidification parameters from a modelling point of view was addressed. The model validation would be very much improved if the concentrations of organic matter could be validated. Today only measurements of total nitrogen and phosphorus and dissolved inorganic nutrients are available. Including standard observations of particulate organic matter (PON, POP and POC) as well as dissolved organic matter (DON, DOP and DOC) would much improve the possibility to further develop the biogeochemical models.Another recommendation is to do a separate investigation based on the results from the coupled oceanographic and biogeochemical model RCO-SCOBI to recommend possible new stations that are important and not yet covered by the present sampling strategy.To calculate and model the saturation state over depth of calcite and aragonite, of high importance for calcifying organisms, the ions CO32- and Ca2+ need to be determined. Either CO32- directly could be measured, or pCO2 and CT (total carbon) could be measured, calculating the desired ion. Further more, the ion Ca2+ could be directly measured, or if not the highest accuracy is needed, estimations could be made from Ca/salinity relationships.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 49.
    Andersson, Pia
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Marine Acidification: On effects and monitoring of marine acidification in the seas surrounding Sweden2008Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Surface waters in the world oceans have already experienced a pH reduction of about 0.1 units (OSPAR, 2006.) The trend indicates further decrease of pH and is most probably due to increased uptake of atmospheric CO2 and less buffering capacity of ocean waters. The trend is similar in the waters surrounding Sweden.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 50.
    Andersson, Pia
    et al.
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Andersson, Lars
    SMHI, Core Services.
    Long term trends in the seas surrounding Sweden: Part one - Nutrients2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The main aim of this work is to present data as typical concentration values for different nutrients in the various sea areas, and how these have varied over time. The data presented cover a 30 year period which include both increased eutrophication and years with efforts to reduce antropological input of nutrients to the sea. Trends over 30 years have been calculated for various nutrient parameters. SMHI is the Swedish National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) to where several countries have supplied hydrographical data originating from various platforms (vessels, buoys etc.). Stations that have been in regular use for most parts of the last 30 years are included in the analysis. Due to different water characteristics, 14 sea areas are selected to represent the waters surrounding Sweden. In this report all available data from 1976 up till 2005 is used and presented in diagrams and tables. The figures of the parameters are presented as time series. Each parameter is divided into winter, summer, surface and bottom values. In the tables, information on a yearly basis is given to indicate changes that vary over time. Both a classical linear regression method and a non-parametric method (the Mann-Kendall) are used in the trend analysis to account for normal and non-normal distribution of the data. The trend magnitude and significance are also calculated. An overview of the results of significant trends of all the areas in the surface and the bottom for the winter and the summer are presented as arrows in a summary figure.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
1234567 1 - 50 of 534
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf