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A comparative study of the major sudden stratospheric warmings in the Arctic winters 2003/2004-2009/2010
SMHI, Research Department, Climate research - Rossby Centre.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4226-8713
2012 (English)In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, ISSN 1680-7316, E-ISSN 1680-7324, Vol. 12, no 17, p. 8115-8129Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present an analysis of the major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) in the Arctic winters 2003/04-2009/10. There were 6 major SSWs (major warmings [MWs]) in 6 out of the 7 winters, in which the MWs of 2003/04, 2005/06, and 2008/09 were in January and those of 2006/07, 2007/08, and 2009/10 were in February. Although the winter 2009/10 was relatively cold from mid-December to mid-January, strong wave 1 activity led to a MW in early February, for which the largest momentum flux among the winters was estimated at 60 degrees N/10 hPa, about 450 m(2) s(-2). The strongest MW, however, was observed in 2008/09 and the weakest in 2006/07. The MW in 2008/09 was triggered by intense wave 2 activity and was a vortex split event. In contrast, strong wave 1 activity led to the MWs of other winters and were vortex displacement events. Large amounts of Eliassen-Palm (EP) and wave 1/2 EP fluxes (about 2-4x10(5) kg s-2) are estimated shortly before the MWs at 100 hPa averaged over 45-75 degrees N in all winters, suggesting profound tropospheric forcing for the MWs. We observe an increase in the occurrence of MWs (similar to 1.1 MWs/winter) in recent years (1998/99-2009/10), as there were 13MWs in the 12 Arctic winters, although the long-term average (1957/58-2009/10) of the frequency stays around its historical value (similar to 0.7 MWs/winter), consistent with the findings of previous studies. An analysis of the chemical ozone loss in the past 17 Arctic winters (1993/94-2009/10) suggests that the loss is inversely proportional to the intensity and timing of MWs in each winter, where early (December-January) MWs lead to minimal ozone loss. Therefore, this high frequency of MWs in recent Arctic winters has significant implications for stratospheric ozone trends in the northern hemisphere.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2012. Vol. 12, no 17, p. 8115-8129
National Category
Climate Research
Research subject
Climate
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:smhi:diva-476DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-8115-2012ISI: 000308753800016OAI: oai:DiVA.org:smhi-476DiVA, id: diva2:805953
Available from: 2015-04-17 Created: 2015-04-14 Last updated: 2017-12-04Bibliographically approved

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Nikulin, Grigory

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